Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 19، number In Volume 5، August 2026 ، issue Number 123

Introduction and stylistics of the manuscript of Majma' al-Anshai by Haydar ibn Abul-Qasim Aywaughli

Islam Ghaderipour , Ali Jahanshahi Afshar (Author in Charge), Najmeh Hosseini Sarvari

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The introduction and study of manuscripts and making them known to other scholars and enthusiasts have always been among the primary goals of researchers in the field of humanities. Manuscripts are like undiscovered treasures whose examination can provide numerous benefits and insights. One such manuscript is Majmaʿ al-Inshāʾ by Haydar ibn Abolqasem Eyvaoghli, which contains a collection of letters and correspondences related to the Seljuk and Safavid periods. The aim of this study is to provide a brief introduction to this manuscript and to examine its letters and writings in terms of structure, content, and stylistic analysis.

METHODOLOGY: The data for this research were collected through library-based methods, and the study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach.

Findings: This manuscript, compiled by Haydar ibn Abolqasem Eyvaoghli during the Safavid era, contains letters, correspondences, and decrees issued by several Seljuk rulers as well as many Safavid kings. Eyvaoghli organized these documents into two sections: the first section includes the correspondences and decrees of Seljuk rulers, while the second section is devoted to the letters and royal commands of Safavid monarchs.

FINDINGS: Findings: This manuscript, compiled by Haidar ibn Abul-Qasim Aywa-oghly during the Safavid period, contains letters, correspondence, and decrees of some Seljuk kings and many kings of the Safavid period; Haidar ibn Aywa-oghly prepared and organized these letters and correspondence in two parts; the first part contains the correspondence and decrees of the Seljuk kings, and the second part deals with the correspondence and decrees of the Safavid kings.

The writing of this book is in fabricated prose, and this work, like other works written during the Safavid period, is prose full of verbal devices and various creative and expressive techniques, as well as many valuable literary points

CONCLUSION: Conclusion: The manuscript Majmaʿ al-Inshāʾ is considered one of the valuable examples of ornate Persian prose, authored by Haydar ibn Abolqasem Eyvaoghli. The contents of the manuscript are classified into two sections: first, letters, correspondences, and decrees from the Seljuk to the Safavid period; and second, the correspondences and communications of Safavid rulers up to the reign of Shah Abbas II. The structure of most letters is similar and closely related.

This manuscript is written in ornate prose, a style that was widespread during the Safavid era and in fact continued the prose tradition of the Timurid period. Among the most important features of the text are verbosity and prolixity, as well as the use of extremely long phrases and sentences. For example, the repeated use of numerous titles and epithets for a single individual—especially the king—can be observed, to the extent that in many letters these titles and expressions are repeated verbatim.

The literary characteristics of this manuscript include devices such as rhyme (sajʿ), paronomasia (jinās), synonymy, semantic parallelism, simile, metaphor, allusion, and other rhetorical figures. At times, the author also employs Quranic verses, hadiths, and even Persian poetry to demonstrate his knowledge and eloquence, reflecting his mastery of the sciences and literary arts of his time.

Keyword
Manuscript , Majma' al-Ansha' of Haydar ibn Abul-Qasim Ayvaoghly , translation , correction , stylistics